1947  USSR, France, Italy form Cominform
Stalin tightened his grip on eastern Europe by creating what became known as The Soviet Bloc. He did so by joining with the Communist Parties of France, Italy and those of eastern European countries he controlled. They then upgraded the Comintern, renaming it Cominform (Communist Information Bureau) (Sep-47).

	•	This lead to Balkan state resistance of Soviet dominance, particularly from Marshal Tito.
	•	Similarly, Jacques René Chirac began politics as a known Communist, having signed the Call of Stockholm and sold the communist daily, l’Humanité. That being said, the French then elected Chirac as their Prime Minister (1974-6 and 1986-8) and then as their President (1995 and 2002). The French elected Chirac to such in spite of previous warnings to the contrary from a French Army academy and the French Army itself. Though his academic merits ranked him among the top of his class, the military did not want a communist officer, so they ranked him last, assigning him the rank of private. After extensive complaining, he was assigned the rank of officer. Similarly, he had trouble entering the United States during McCarthyism. While in office, Chirac remains immune to further investigation and prosecution of corruption. However, once he leaves office his legal fight could begin, as evidenced here. The president of France is also corrupt on a much larger scale, as evidenced in this (extremely) brief page of french duplicity in treaty violations for financial profit from illegal nuclear proliferation.

1965  France sells nuclear fuel processing equipment to DPRK
Near an air force base in the city of Pakchon-kun, DPRK begins construction of its underground nuclear facilities. It is based on France and Austria’s sales of equipment for the production of highly enriched uranium (HEU), plutonium reprocessing and plutonium storage (mid-1960s).

	•	More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available in the “mid-1960s” section of this page.
	•	More information concerning this underground nuclear facility may be available here.

1976  France sells two nuclear reactors to Iraq
Jacques Chirac and Saddam Hussein reach an agreement within which France provided Iraq with a 40MW(th) *  MTR nuclear reactor called Tammuz-1 (aka Osirak), a nuclear reactor called Tammuz-2, a materials testing hot laboratory called LAMA, nuclear workshops, and a nuclear waste treatment facility. In exchange, Chirac received Hussein concessions to apply favoritism to imports from France of war planes and automobiles, guarantees for cheap petroleum and cash (1976).

	•	Chirac did this only a few months after Hussein reported in the Lebanese newspaper, Al Usbu Al-Arabi, that the Chirac agreement is “the first concrete step toward the production of the Arabic atomic weapon,” as evidenced on this page (10-Sep-75).
	•	A related read on Chirac may be found here.
	•	A starting point concerning French nuclear sales to Iraq may be found here.
	*	40MW(th) denotes capacity of 40 megawatts of thermal power

1976  France sells supercomputers to DPRK
France sells two IRIS-50 supercomputers to DPRK for military “and scientific” uses (Jun-76).

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These French IRIS-50 supercomputers are listed on this DPRK import/export page.

1980s  France works for and against Pakistan’s nuclear weaponry programs

	•	With one face, France initiates IAEA standards against Pakistan, as documented here.
	•	With another face, France is arrested in an illegal attempt to sell nuclear equipment to Pakistan, as evidence here.
	•	Snapshots of Pakistan’s nuclear programs are provided by Carnegie and by Global Security.

1980s  French president downgrades to Iraqi vice president
France’s Mitterand and Iraq’s Aziz meet in paris to discuss France’s rebuilding of the Tammuz-1 (Osirak) reactor, which, during Jun-81, was annihilated by Israel (17-Aug-81).

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More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.

1980s  France stoops to middle-man in illegal nuclear trafficking
Officials report that France served as a fence for illegal sales of nuclear bomb materials (uranium oxide) to the middle east via Portugal(1980s).

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More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.

1988  France illegally sells missile guidance system to Argentina
Officials report that France illegally sold an unspecified number of sophisticated missile guidance systems to Argentina that may have then passed to Iraq (1988).

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More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.

1989  DPRK constructs French-type nuclear reactor
DPRK begins construction of its fourth nuclear power plant, this one modeled after the G-2 reactor. France designed the G-2 specifically for efficiency in producing weapons-grade plutonium and it produced at a rate of about 220kg of plutonium per year. Site construction for this reactor begins in Taechon-kun, a few miles east of the Yongbyon-kun complex (1989).

This graphite-moderated reactor (herein referred to as 200MW-e), is more often referred to as the 200MW(e), *  and less often as the Taechon-kun Nuclear Reactor, the French G-2 Reactor or simply, Nuclear Reactor 4.

	•	More information concerning the above French version of a nuclear reactor in DPRK may be available here.
		•  This page is missing documentation of how much money was made in this round of French nuclear proliferation.
	*	200MW(e) denotes capacity of 200 megawatts of electrical power

1991  France illegally sells heavy water to Iraq (30-Jan-91)

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More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.

1991  France illegally sells missile guidance system to Iraq (30-Jan-91)

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Either you apply credibility to this (23-Jan-91) or to France (25-Feb-91).

1991  DPRK defector reports vast underground missile capacity
Ko Yong Hwan defects from DPRK to South Korea and reports that DPRK has vast underground plants, near the cities of Mangyongdae and Kagam-ni (Kaechon-kun Province). He reports that these plants manufacture nuclear weapons via equipment for the production of highly enriched uranium (HEU), plutonium reprocessing equipment and plutonium storage equipment that DPRK purchased from France and Austria (see above) (May/Aug-91).

	•	Information concerning Ko Yong Hwan may be available here.
	•	Information concerning DPRK underground facilities, including the above, may be available here.

1991  France is described as worst proliferation treaty violator in the world
France earned ill repute as the worst traitor in the history of nuclear proliferation. An article assessing nuclear programs of rogue/third world countries states that China, in terms of nuclear proliferation, surpassed France. The difference is that China is China while the french pretend to be France 1 and France 2 at the same time: One face for profits from illegal sales and another for treaties with the west against such sales (16-Dec-91). (See image.)

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More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.

1997  France illegally sells nuclear equipment to Pakistan
France attempts an illegal sale to Pakistan of special valves for a vacuum furnace, for use in producing nuclear weaponry. The French shipment of such was seized by British customs (Mar-97).

	•	With this face France facilitated Pakistan’s nuclear weaponry.
	•	With another face France opposed Pakistan’s nuclear weaponry.
	•	More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.
	•	Snapshots of Pakistan’s nuclear programs are provided by Carnegie and by Global Security.

1997  Chirac appoints Ghali To Francophonie
Upon Ghali’s celebrated departure from the UN, Jacques Chirac gave him the title of Secretary-General of La Francophonie (pronounced Franc-O-Phony), an organization of French-speaking nations, mostly third world nations with an affinity to French culture. More information concerning Francophonie, as provided by IFEX, may be found here.

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Israeli and the US intelligence agencies have produced data exposing Ghali as active liaison between Arafat and Hussein, and, between Hussein and Chirac, as evidenced here.

2000  France rigs what might otherwise have been representative government
The Daily Telegraph quoted a letter from the Iraqi secret service proving that France colluded with the Iraqi secret service to undermine a conference held in paris. The letter reveals that no French visas were be given to Iraqi opposition leaders, so that they could not attend the meeting. A resultant protest was then quashed (14-Apr-00).

	•	One month after the meeting France received $383k from Saddam Hussein (14-May-00).
	•	Before the meeting Saddam Hussein sent a six-page letter to French President Jacques Chirac regarding Chirac’s use of his UN seat to obstruct the UN. A report on this letter, “France stifles Iraqi dissent,” United Press International, (28-Apr-03), as reported by UPI, may be available here

2002  France illegally brokers weaponry sales to Iraq
Documentation dated 25-Aug-02 reveals that France illegally used its Hussein ties in brokering a sale of HTBP *  from China to Iraq, via Syria. (25-Aug-02).

	•	One year later, Chirac used an international broadcast to lie about this, as evidenced here.
	•	More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.
	*	HTBP is a rubbery substance used as a base for a rocket propellant for Minute-Man, Trident and other missile systems.

2003  France is blackmailed as a duplicitous traitor by Iraq
Saddam Hussein blackmails Jacques Chirac by threatening to reveal duplicity. Hussein threatens that if France were to condone what became Operation Iraqi Freedom then he would reveal French duplicity in illegally supplying weaponry to Iraq with one face, then with another face, joining western civilization in eradicating such weaponry. “He [Hussein] has threatened to expose all ties if they [france] should betray him by supporting war again.”

First, france was a traitor to the west (illegal weaponry sales to Iraq), second, france was a traitor to the east (joining Operation Desert Storm against Iraq’s having illegal weaponry). From that basis Hussein made the following statement:

“As for financiers, industrialists and above all those responsible for military industry, the question must be put to French politicians: Who did not benefit from these business contracts and relationships with Iraq? ... With respect to the politicians, one need only refer back to the declarations of all the political parties of France, Right and Left. All were happy to brag about their friendship with Iraq and to refer to common interests. From Mr. Chirac [now the center-right president] ... to Mr. Chevenement [the socialist former defense minister] politicians and economic leaders were in open competition to spend time with us and flatter us. We have now grasped the reality of the situation [of French support for the 1991 Gulf War, a betrayal in Saddam’s eyes]. If the trickery continues, we will be forced to unmask them, all of them, before the French public.” ¹

	¹	Melana Zyla Vickers, “Does the Iraqi dictator have the goods on French politicians? ,” The Weekly Standard, 10-Mar-03, Volume 008, Issue 25.
	•	More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.

With one face France joined the embargo against Iraq. With another face, France smuggled parts for Mirage F-1 fighter jets and for Gazelle attack helicopters through the embargo to Hussein, via Al Tamoor Trading Company of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. An anonymous US official said the French parts transfers to Iraq is one (more) reason France has so vehemently opposed Operation Iraqi Freedom. “No wonder the French are opposing us,” this official said. Another reason is that at the time, Iraq owed France an estimated $4 billion pertaining to weaponry sales and related infrastructure (Jan-03).

Henry Sokolski, director of the private Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, said French transfers of military equipment to Iraq would have “an immediate and relevant military consequence, if this [invasion of Iraq] was done. The United States with its allies are going to suppress the Iraqi air force and air defense very early on in any conflict, and it is regrettable that the French have let a company complicate that mission” (Jan-03).

Nathalie Loiseau, press counselor at the French Embassy, said “We fully comply with the UN sanctions, and there is no sale of any kind of military material or weapons to Iraq” (Jan-03). In contrast, a CIA spokesman had no comment and Colin Powell released a video tape of an Iraqi Mirage F-1, modified to spray anthrax spores. Meanwhile:

	•	Financial gain from illegal sales of Mirage F-1 parts went to France’s Dassault Aviation.
	•	Financial gain from illegal sales of Gazelle attack helicopters parts went to France’s Aerospatiale, which later became part of a consortium of European defense companies.
	•	More information concerning the above version of France as a western ally may be available here.
	•	Information concerning evidence of Iraqi weapon that Powell presented to the UN may be available here.

2002  France lies about illegal weaponry sales to Iraq
Offensiveness of French culture includes illegal proliferation of nuclear militarism to rogue nations, of which there is no shortage of documentation. Similarly, France joined an embargo of Iraq then repeatedly and illegally profited from illicit sales in defiance of that very embargo. Evidence of this was made public (Oct-03) when “The Coalition Of The Willing” found in Iraq caches of French surface to air missiles that were manufactured after France used her unmerited seat to vote for the UN embargo.

In reference to France’s Aug-02 illegal brokerage of HTBP sales to Iraq, Chirac lies to Christiane Amanpour during an interview that was internationally televised by CBS Broadcasting, Inc. (16-Aug-03).

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More information concerning French credibility may be available here.

Coalition Of The Willing
Operation Iraqi Freedom was announced by President Bush on 19-Mar-03. Twenty-two days later Baghdad was owned by troops from:

Albania, Australia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Marshall Islands, Netherlands, Palau, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States
	2003  France willfully undermines the west in Iraqi war efforts The French government gave members of Saddam Hussein’s regime passports that would allow them to enter Europe and escape the coalition’s hunt for top Iraqi officials. (The Washington Times [6-May-03] ).   •  More information on this round of France’s betrayal of western civilization may be available here. 2003  France illegally sells missiles to Iraq With one face France joined the embargo against Iraq. With another face France breaches the embargo, selling then smuggling parts for Mirage fighter jets and for Gazelle attack helicopters during 2003. (“Report: France Gave Passports to Fleeing Iraqi Officials,” FOX News Network, LLC., 06-May-03.)   •  More information on this round of France’s betrayal of western civilization is available above Chirac leaks US intelligence to Hussein just before Operation Iraqi Freedom © 5-Oct-03 Associated Press: A report originated by the Associated Press reveals that “France gave Hussein regular reports on its dealings with American officials, documents unearthed in the wreckage of the Iraqi foreign ministry have revealed.” The report continues, “Iraqi files document ... that Paris shared with Baghdad the contents of private transatlantic meetings and diplomatic traffic from Washington ... the files from the French foreign ministry in Iraq ... kept Saddam abreast of development in American planning and may have helped him to prepare for war ... the French ambassador in Baghdad covered talks between Chirac and Bush ... tells Hussein that Powell was against a military attack on Iraq whereas the “Zionist” Wolfowitz [deputy defense secretary] was in favor of a strong military operation against Iraq...” a version of this report, by Matthew Campbell, may be available here. French missile shock in Iraq © 5-Oct-03 The Herald Sun, By Pawel Kozlowski “French-made anti-aircraft missiles built earlier this year have been found in Iraq ... government officials in Paris were last night struggling to explain how, despite a UN arms embargo being in place for more than 20 years, hi-tech French weaponry made its way to Baghdad...” Ukraine Says Sappers Find Three French Missiles In Iraq © 10-Oct-03 Dow Jones Newswires “KIEV (AP)--Ukraine’s Defense Ministry said Friday that Ukrainian servicemen in Iraq found three French-made mobile anti-aircraft systems, armed with missiles, near the Kut air station...”
Albania, Australia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Marshall Islands, Netherlands, Palau, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States